If you use social media, it might shock you to know that suicide hotlines do – yes, really – actually help many people.
Seriously.
I swear.
This is shocking news, I’m sure, because according to tweet after tweet on Twitter, if you call a suicide hotline, they do one of only three things:
- Tell you take a warm bath or make some tea
- Put you on hold
- Call the police and have you carted off to a hospital.
I’m here to tell you the facts about calling a suicide hotline. If you don’t have time to read the whole post, here’s the summary:
If you call a suicide hotline, the counselor will probably help you in some way. Research shows suicide hotline counselors do help many people, and usually do not call the police.
Every counselor is different. There are thousands of suicide hotline counselors around the country, some great, some not-so-great; some skilled listeners, some advice givers; some with years of experience, some doing their first gig ever; some with hundreds of hours of training in counseling, some not so much; some volunteers, some paid.
Calling a hotline is kind of like dating: Did you go on one bad date and then swear off dating forevermore? Personally, I gave dating a go for 20 or so years before I finally met my mate. And I’m grateful I didn’t give up, because he’s a swell husband, father, and co-conspirator in getting the cats to pay attention to us. But back to the point…
Suicide Hotlines Help (Mostly)
Like most things in life, suicide hotlines aren’t perfect. They don’t help everyone. But they help most people, in some way.
A research team reviewed 31 studies on the effectiveness of telephone and text hotlines for people in crisis. Their findings make a compelling case for hotlines to get more love:
- All 11 studies that measured a caller’s emotional state at the start of a call and at the end found “significant improvements.”
- In 12 studies that measured callers’ satisfaction with the hotline, the average rating was 78%, with a range of 29% to 100%. OK, that low of 29% is disheartening, but what about the study where 100% of the hotline users were satisfied? Statistically speaking, the glass is way more than half full.
- Six studies asked users if they’d recommend the hotline to others, and 91% said yes.
This is what one hotline caller says about her experience (not in the research cited above, but in a comment to another website’s post):
“I have called 800-number hotlines on multiple occasions, when it was 2am and the darkness was pressing in, and it really did help me to have a presence on the other end of the line who could hear my anguished sobs without making me worry I was a burden. They are definitely why I’m alive now.”
That commenter went on to say, “Some people aren’t able to ask anyone for help. I’ve been there. But some people do reach out, and in those times, anonymity can be such a saving grace. That’s why I support hotlines. They do save some lives.”
Look again at the last line: They do save some lives. It’s true.
In this study of callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, callers’ suicidal intent, hopelessness, and psychological pain all went down from the start of the call to the finish.
So, Why the Hate for Suicide Hotlines?
You don’t have to look far to find viral vitriol against suicide hotlines. Like this tweet:
There are many more tweets like that one, too. Hundreds, probably. Maybe even thousands, if you want to go through Twitter and count.
What is it about suicide hotlines that gets people so riled up? Several things, I think:
Most suicide hotlines call the police…sometimes.
Usually, suicide hotline calls do not result in the police being summoned. But some do. One study found counselors “initiated rescue procedures” in 13% of calls. People placed an estimated 2.1 million calls to the Lifeline’s centers in 2020. That means the police were called about 273,000 times.
The proportion of calls to police goes up markedly for people a counselor believes are at imminent risk of suicide. In a study of actions taken for such callers, counselors contacted police without the caller’s advance knowledge or consent in 25% of cases.
When a counselor judges a caller to be at “imminent risk,” the counselor believes the person will most likely die by suicide within hours or, at most, a few days, without immediate intervention. And even in those extreme situations, 3 of 4 people judged to be at imminent risk were helped in other ways, without police or paramedics showing up on their doorstep.
Having the police come to your home or workplace and take you to the hospital can, no doubt, be traumatic. There’s a small but significant risk, first of all, of getting shot to death by the police. In the U.S., one out of ten police shootings occur after a concerned friend or family member called 911 out of concern for their loved one’s mental health.
Most people aren’t shot, obviously, but police involvement can be traumatic in other ways. If the police believe you pose a danger to yourself or others, you might be handcuffed or strapped to a stretcher and taken to a hospital against your will for a psychiatric evaluation. The hospital might charge a hefty bill. And you might end up admitted to a psych hospital against your will for a few days (or, less commonly, longer), which also is expensive.
These actions might be justified if your life truly is at stake. You might even feel grateful later to the counselor for saving your life.
But sometimes, hotline counselors panic. I’ve heard or read of someone calling a hotline because they were having suicidal thoughts but no plan or intent to act on them – and still the hotline counselor called the police. For an especially sobering account, see this Mad in America article: Suicide Hotlines Bill Themselves as Confidential—Even as Some Trace Your Call.
“So many people feel betrayed when a welfare check happens. This is a huge part of the problem because then we say I will never use a crisis hotline again,” wrote one commenter on this website.
Why Do Hotlines Call the Police?
In the U.S., in order to be a part of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, a hotline must have a “rescue” policy.
The American Association of Suicidology (AAS), which accredits suicide hotlines, has the same requirement. It states in its accreditation standards manual:
“An active rescue … should be implemented if a person’s life is in danger even when the person will not or cannot assent. Because we also value a person’s privacy and self-determination, ideally, the intervention is done with the person’s consent. When that is not possible, the intervention will occur without the person’s consent or knowledge, only after all other options have been exhausted.” (I bolded those key words.)
Typically the hotline counselor talks with the caller about how to stay safe. This could involve making a safety plan, going to the hospital voluntarily, or getting someone else involved. But if the caller’s not willing or able to do that and the counselor believes the caller’s in immediate danger of suicide, the counselor may well call 911, which then typically dispatches police or paramedics.
The Lifeline’s rationale for requiring “active rescue” is that by calling a suicide hotline, a person is asking for help. “Rescue is a response to a cry for help and may often involve taking extraordinary actions to save a life,” the hotline accreditation standards manual states.
By the way, a call to the Lifeline, at 988 or 800-273-8255 (TALK), routes you to the suicide hotline closest to you. If you call a hotline directly, without going through the Lifeline, it still follows the Lifeline’s procedures if it’s accredited. So, when I refer to Lifeline counselors, I’m really referring to counselors at almost every suicide hotline in the U.S.
Do Any Hotlines Not Call the Police?
Most suicide hotlines in the U.S. belong to the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline network. To avoid needing a rescue policy, a hotline can choose not to be accredited. A notable, but uncommon, example is the Trans Lifeline, which has a policy of not calling the police unless the caller asks.
The Trans Lifeline’s website states, “Trans Lifeline does not engage in non-consensual active rescue. Since our founding, we have been divested from the police. That means that if you call us and are in crisis, we will not call 911 or the police — unless you explicitly ask us to.”
The Trans Lifeline explains its reasoning in detail in this post, “Why No Non-Consensual Active Rescue?”
Foregoing accreditation can have financial consequences. In a list of the advantages of accreditation, the American Association of Suicidology states, “AAS-accredited programs have additional credibility with funding agencies and insurance companies.”
Like the Trans Lifeline, there are some peer support lines, often called “warmlines,” that have no accreditation and no policy requiring them to call the police if someone’s in immediate danger of suicide and won’t take steps to stay safe. The Wildflower Alliance Peer Support Line is one example.
How Can You Avoid Having the Police Called?
In general, a hotline counselor will consider you to be at “imminent risk” for suicide – and thus requiring rescue against your will, if you can’t collaborate on a way to stay safe – if you make clear you want to kill yourself, you intend to try soon, and you have the ability to do so, according to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline’s Policy for Helping Callers at Imminent Risk of Suicide.
To avoid having a hotline counselor call the police, you can avoid giving them a reason to. That is, don’t say anything to indicate you’re in peril of ending your life imminently. Also, complete a safety plan if the counselor proposes one, and say you’ll follow it.
Now readers, if you are having thoughts of killing yourself very soon, I do recommend being honest about them. As a therapist, I very much want clients to be truthful with me about their suicidal thoughts.
But I’m also a realist. I know many people are terrified of someone calling the police to forcibly take the person to a hospital. (If you have any doubt, check out any of the 500 or so comments on my post, Will I Be Committed to a Mental Hospital if I Tell a Therapist about my Suicidal Thoughts?)
To me, advising you to watch what you say is “harm reduction,” in the same category as giving clean needles to people addicted to injectable drugs: You wish the person would do the ideal, safest thing, but at least you can make it so they’re in less danger.
It doesn’t need to be all or nothing. That is, I’d rather you call a hotline, be careful not to give the appearance of imminent risk, and connect with a trained, caring counselor than never call at all because you fear the police will come.
I happen to think talking with someone who’s trained to truly listen (no small thing, by the way) can help you. You can, at least for a bit, not be alone with your pain. You can talk things through and maybe – hopefully – come to a point where you feel enough hope when the call ends that you do stay alive.
The possibility of police involvement isn’t the only reason some people hate suicide hotlines. Here are a couple more:
Some suicide hotline counselors give condescending advice.
It’s frustrating when you’ve suffered from major depression for many months, tried a half dozen antidepressants, read a zillion self-help books, gone to therapy enough to pay for your therapist’s next overseas vacation, and the hotline counselor advises you to take a warm bath. Like, that’s really going to cure my depression. Like, why didn’t I think of that?
I get it, being told to take a bath can feel ridiculous – to some people. But not to everyone.
When I was an emergency room social worker, I often reminded patients’ worried family members to drink water and to eat. They weren’t stupid. They knew that the human body requires water and food to stay alive. But in those moments, while they vigilantly waited to hear whether someone they loved would live or die, they were focused on only one thing, and it wasn’t drinking or eating. The gentle reminder to attend to bodily needs did make a difference for many people, because they simply had forgotten.
People in crisis often get trapped in tunnel vision. They forget the obvious things that can help. And if the advice to take a bath isn’t useful? Ignore it. Hotline counselors are trying to help. That’s all. They might have some bad ideas, or obvious ideas, or ridiculous ideas, but they’re coming up with ideas for you to accept or reject as you please.
And, who knows? Some of the ideas might work for you.
But advice-giving can derail listening, which brings me to another reason some people have a negative experience when calling a hotline:
Some suicide hotline counselors don’t listen.
A suicide hotline counselor ought to listen to you, respond with empathy and compassion and curiosity, help you feel heard and less alone, and let you speak without immediately offering rebuttal, advice, reassurance, persuasion or anything else that puts you and the counselor on opposite sides of a potential argument. (Usually, that is. Obviously there are exceptions.)
Ideally, when you speak with a counselor who’s not bossy or judgmental, you experience the space for your own wisdom to bubble up while in connection with someone else. You end up giving yourself advice, essentially. And you trust that advice more because it came from you, not a stranger, though a stranger’s keen listening skills might have helped you get there.
If you don’t arrive at solutions yourself, it can be helpful for a counselor to give advice if you’ve already had the space to be heard and listened to without judgment (barring an immediate, significantly life-threatening crisis that requires an immediate response).
Advice around safety planning tends to be especially useful. Advice around baths and tea-time? That depends on the person, but clearly a lot of people don’t like those kinds of recommendations, based on angry social media posts to that effect.
Why do suicide hotlines recommend a bath so much? Or tea?
When someone’s in crisis, advice can help them get through the moment. I suspect that the take-a-bath advice comes near the end of the conversation, when the counselor asks the caller what they’ll do when the call ends. Based on my own years working at hotlines in the 1990s, it probably goes something like this:
Counselor: “Now that we’re nearing the end of our call, what will you do when we get off the phone?”
Caller: “I don’t know. Just sit here, I guess.”
Counselor: “What could help you do to feel calm or give yourself some pleasure?”
Caller: “I can’t think of anything.”
Counselor: “What about a warm bath, would that help?”
Is that so bad? The person might say, “No, that won’t help” or “For f’s sake, I don’t even have a bathtub.” OK, so a bath’s out. What are other possibilities?
It’s not like someone says, “I have major depression, I want to kill myself, I’m in so much pain that I can’t bear it another moment,” and the counselor says, “You’ll cure your depression and stop feeling suicidal if you take a warm bath.”
At least, I hope not.
Wait, it does happen, apparently. One person said when she turned to a hotline for help with her incessant suicidal thoughts, the counselor suggested that “the cure for my problem would be to go get my nails or hair done.”
Not good, right? Indeed, if the counselor truly did suggest that a manicure or hair cut would cure a person of suicidal thoughts, that reflects a poor understanding of the deep stress, psychological pain, trauma, substance use, mental illness, and social injustices that typically trigger suicidal thoughts.
A suicide hotline counselor is trying to help callers survive, moment by moment, not to cure a person’s longstanding problems in a single phone call. If getting a manicure helps someone stay alive for more moments, fantastic! If not, maybe a bath will help.
Just kidding – sort of.
Kidding, because advice to take a bath can feel like telling someone who’s been shot to take an aspirin.
Not kidding, because baths do help some people relax, distract themselves, experience pleasure, and more. And whatever helps, helps.
My advice about suicide hotlines:
If a hotline counselor doesn’t help you, please try a different one. As I said earlier, there are many hotline counselors, and the next one will probably be better.
Or the next after that.
Chances are high you’ll find some value in calling, because, as the research shows, most people do.
If you prefer to text…
The Lifeline offers services via online chat. Additionally, the Crisis Text Line offers help by text; you can access them by texting HOME to 741741.
Have you called a suicide hotline?
What was your experience with the hotline like, good or bad? Was it in the U.S., or elsewhere? If you’d like to share, please leave a comment below.
Copyright 2022 by Stacey Freedenthal, PhD, LCSW. Written for SpeakingOfSuicide. All Rights Reserved.
Never once has the hotline helped. Only made it worse and always calls the cops. I’ve never heard anyone in real life say they helped. This article sounds paid for by the hotline.
I just hate the way the suicide hotline appears in huge text any time certain keywords are used in a search. I find it extremely patronizing and offensive when I’m searching for real solutions to real problems and people tell me I just need to talk to someone as if the problem is all in my head. Lately, someone who expects to get a lot of money from my life insurance did things that seem intended to make me kill myself right after the suicide clause on the policy expired. I’m trying to figure out the legal issues related to their behavior and all the 988 ads usurping search results is just making me angry. Google would look at the content of the query and don’t put that giant notice there anytime the word suicide is mentioned.
it is too late, i am too old and broke and being evicted. I gave it decades of my life and it failed. Now I don’t want to live anymore – no more loneliness, poverty, a terrible world full of stupid people. It’s better this way. Why should I stick around until I get some terrible illness? You think that’ll bring me more money, friends, excitement? Gutter ball, game over, sweet relief, goodbye…..
the hotlines just make you angry, chirpy children, or people who don’t respond to what you’ve said and you say “Hello?” “I’m still here.” “Well, there is this thing called a CONVERSATION, you talk and i talk and you talk, etc. Ever heard of that?”
Jono Bobo,
I just want to say I’m sorry. I’m sorry that your experiences have been so bad and I’m so sorry that you are hurting so badly.
I hope that you are able to hold on. I pray that things get better. I wish that I could offer some genuine help. As it is, I hear you and I’m truly sorry that you are in so much pain.
Rob
LOL What absolute shill garbage. Suicide lines aren’t for the suicidal person; they’re for the fascist regmine that drives people to suicide to retaliate against those suicidal people for not smiling like a house negro HARD enough while the splintery mop handle gets driven progressively deeper in their backsides.
Suicide lines are a deliberate trap created by the powerful to silence the aggrieved.
Well, Ami, in my experience as a volunteer hotline counselor, the folks training and supervising the volunteers were everyday working stiffs trying to make the world a little more tolerable for the saddest among us. They were the farthest thing from fascists. Most of the callers were not suicidal; they were lonely and bored and wanted someone to talk to.
That often describes the feelings that turns one to feeling suicidal
Well, Michael, in my experience calling those dang things, it was the only non-drugs-related thing that made me MORE suicidal.
What do you do when they ARE suicidal? Why the fuck is anyone calling a suicide hotline because they’re lonely? How is that a positive? It’s a suicide hotline.
In my experience, counselors were trained and instructed to “keep the (suicidal) caller SAFE for NOW” and encourage them to reach out to nearby support. We did have a list of local resources to refer them to, but we were specifically required NOT to give advice. The guiding philosophy was that the intense suicidal urge was an emotional flare up that would pass if the caller was supported emotionally for a time. As someone who had been chronically suicidal for an extended period, I did not agree with this theory, which is one of the reasons I ultimately resigned from the hotline.
As to why anyone would call a suicide hotline because they were lonely, I cannot say because to ask would not have been emotionally supportive, right? I suppose they found some of the counselors good to talk to and a better way to pass the lonely hours than scrolling social media?
Because they don’t actually HELP